Background
Methods
Study population
CMR
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Variable | TTS (n = 125) | Anterior STEMI (n = 125) |
p
|
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72 (61–78) | 62 (51–72) |
<0.01
|
Female sex | 115/125 (92) | 36/125 (29) |
<0.01
|
Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
Hypertension | 104/125 (83) | 88/125 (70) |
0.02
|
Diabetes mellitus | 31/125 (25) | 28/125 (22) | 0.66 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 26/125 (21) | 40/125 (32) | 0.06 |
Current smoking | 20/125 (16) | 46/109 (42) |
<0.01
|
Killip-class 3 or 4 on admission | 6/125 (5) | 4/125 (3) | 0.52 |
Stressful event | 84/125 (67) | - | |
Emotional | 32/125 (26) | - | |
Physical | 52/125 (42) | - | |
Ballooning pattern | |||
Apical | 83/125 (66) | - | |
Midventricular | 40/125 (32) | - | |
Basal | 2/125 (2) | - | |
Number of diseased vessels | |||
1 | - | 75/125 (60) | |
2 | - | 37/125 (30) | |
3 | - | 13/125 (10) | |
TIMI flow grade 0 or 1 before PCI | - | 77/125 (62) | |
TIMI flow grade 0 or 1 after PCI | - | 5/125 (4) | |
Door-to-balloon time (minutes) | - | 27 (21–33) | |
Pain-to-balloon time (minutes) | - | 220 (130–350) | |
Initial LV ejection fraction (%) | 47 (40–52) | 50 (40–55) | 0.18 |
Follow-up LV ejection fraction (%)a
| 60 (57–66) | - |
LA size and function in TTS versus anterior STEMI
Variable | TTS (n = 124) | Anterior STEMI (n = 125) |
p
|
---|---|---|---|
LA area 2-chamber view (cm2) | |||
Ventricular end-systole | 21 (18–24) | 22 (19–25) |
0.03
|
Ventricular end-diastole | 14 (12–19) | 14 (12–18) | 0.78 |
LA area 4-chamber view (cm2) | |||
Ventricular end-systole | 23 (20–28) | 23 (20–27) | 0.90 |
Ventricular end-diastole | 16 (12–20) | 15 (12–19) | 0.26 |
LA volume biplane (ml) | |||
Ventricular end-systole | 72 (55–93) | 74 (61–93) | 0.36 |
Immediately before atrial contractiona
| 56 (39–70) | 55 (46–68) | 0.71 |
Ventricular end-diastole | 38 (25–58) | 38 (30–49) | 0.67 |
LA function (%) | |||
Total EF (global function; reservoir) | 44 (34–53) | 51 (42–56) |
<0.01
|
Passive EF (conduit)a
| 21 (14–30) | 24 (20–29) |
0.03
|
Active EF (booster pump)a
| 29 (20–38) | 35 (28–42) |
<0.01
|
LA function in TTS
Variable | Typical ballooning (n = 82) | Atypical ballooning (n = 42) |
p
|
---|---|---|---|
Total LA-EF (global function; reservoir) | 42 (33–51) | 49 (36–56) | 0.14 |
Passive LA-EF (conduit)a
| 19 (14–29) | 23 (15–31) | 0.30 |
Active LA-EF (booster pump)a
| 29 (20–38) | 30 (21–38) | 0.59 |
Variable | LV ejection fraction <55% (n = 95) | LV ejection fraction ≥55% (n = 29) |
p
|
---|---|---|---|
Total LA-EF (global function; reservoir) | 42 (30–52) | 51 (42–59) |
<0.01
|
Passive LA-EF (conduit)a
| 19 (14–29) | 25 (20–35) |
<0.01
|
Active LA-EF (booster pump)a
| 28 (16–38) | 30 (24–39) | 0.12 |