Introduction
Methods
Echocardiography
Statistical analysis
Results
Non diabetics (n=30) | Diabetics (n=64) | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 53.83±10.82 | 55.59±9.42 | 0.423 | |
Sex (n, %) | Male | 10 (33.3%) | 13 (20.3%) | 0.171 |
Female | 20 (66.7%) | 51 (79.7%) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.07 [24.98-28.25] | 28.38 [26.71-29.72] | 0.010 | |
HTN (n, %) | 11 (36.7%) | 35 (54.7%) | 0.103 | |
HLP (n, %) | 11 (36.7%) | 36 (56.2%) | 0.077 | |
Smoking (n, %) | 8 (26.7%) | 11 (17.2%) | 0.286 | |
Heart rate (bpm) | 80.00 [66.5-85.00] | 78.00 [72.00–84.00] | 0.870 | |
FBS (mg/dl) | 94 [88-103] | 134 [102.50–180] | <0.001 | |
BS2hPP (mg/dl) | 126.50 [118.50-133.25] | 248.50 [149.00–353.25] | <0.001 | |
TG (mg/dl) | 120.57±56.04 | 176.50±86.97 | 0.002 | |
Chol (mg/dl) | 151.30±40.37 | 150.03±42.16 | 0.891 | |
LDL (mg/dl) | 88.10±30.37 | 83.89±31.47 | 0.543 | |
HbA1c level (%) | 5.35 [5.00-5.72] | 7.25 [6.62-9.05] | <0.001 |
Non diabetics (n=30) | Diabetics (n=64) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
LARS (%) | 39.47 [31.67–58.36] | 35.61 [24.71–43.59] | 0.215 |
Indexed LA volume (ml/m2) | 29.10±11.34 | 43.05± 44.40 | 0.022 |
Indexed LA diameter (cm/m2) | 2.07±0.37 | 2.51±2.69 | 0.385 |
LA EF (%) | 68.20±15.28 | 67.16±15.54 | 0.762 |
Indexed LV mass (g/m2) | 103.01±51.31 | 117.83±116.23 | 0.508 |
Indexed LVIDd (cm/m2) | 2.75±.39 | 3.02±2.97 | 0.624 |
Indexed LVIDs (cm/m2) | 1.67±0.29 | 1.80±1.70 | 0.684 |
Epicardial fat thickness (mm) | 4.10±3.11 | 5.96±2.13 | 0.005 |
E wave (m/s) | 0.62±0.18 | 0.67±.15 | 0.229 |
A wave (m/s) | 0.63±0.18 | 0.73±0.23 | 0.023 |
E/A | 1.03±0.37 | 0.96±0.31 | 0.348 |
E/e' | 6.34±1.65 | 7.80±2.01 | 0.001 |
e’ (cm/s) | 10.27±3.04 | 8.75±2.00 | 0.019 |
s’ (cm/s) | 9.10±1.40 | 8.22±1.32 | 0.006 |
DT of E wave (ms) | 235.43±56.44 | 227.14±54.22 | 0.499 |
LVGLS (%) | − 18.79±3.93 | − 16.76±6.33 | 0.112 |
TR velocity (m/s) | 2.31 [2.07-2.46] | 2.36 [2.18-2.51] | 0.280 |
LARS/-LVGLS | 2.2903 [1.52-3.32] | 1.91 [1.48-3.02] | 0.340 |
Correlations | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM | Epicardial fat thickness | LARS | LVGLS | Indexed LV mass | E/e’ | ||
DM | Epicardial fat thickness | Pearson Correlation | 1 | − 0.256 | − 0.098 | 0.092 | 0.299 |
P value | 0.043 | 0.446 | 0.487 | 0.020 | |||
LARS | Pearson Correlation | − 0.256 | 1 | 0.007 | 0.016 | − 0.034 | |
P value | 0.043 | 0.954 | 0.901 | 0.798 | |||
LVGLS | Pearson Correlation | − 0.098 | 0.007 | 1 | − 0.044 | − 0.152 | |
P value | 0.446 | 0.954 | 0.737 | 0.247 | |||
Indexed LV mass | Pearson Correlation | 0.092 | 0.016 | − 0.044 | 1 | − 0.135 | |
P value | 0.487 | 0.901 | 0.737 | 0.318 | |||
E/e' | Pearson Correlation | 0.299 | − 0.034 | − 0.152 | − 0.135 | 1 | |
P value | 0.020 | 0.798 | 0.247 | 0.318 | |||
No DM | Epicardial fat thickness | Pearson Correlation | 1 | − 0.212 | 0.293 | 0.682 | 0.237 |
P value | 0.261 | 0.116 | <0.001 | 0.215 | |||
LARS | Pearson Correlation | − 0.212 | 1 | − 0.190 | − 0.075 | − 0.104 | |
P value | 0.261 | 0.314 | 0.692 | 0.590 | |||
LVGLS | Pearson Correlation | 0.293 | − 0.190 | 1 | − 0.066 | − 0.079 | |
P value | 0.116 | 0.314 | 0.730 | 0.685 | |||
Indexed LV mass | Pearson Correlation | 0.682 | − 0.075 | − 0.066 | 1 | 0.460 | |
P value | <0.001 | 0.692 | 0.730 | 0.012 | |||
E/e' | Pearson Correlation | 0.237 | − 0.104 | − 0.079 | 0.460 | 1 | |
P value | 0.215 | 0.590 | 0.685 | 0.012 |
Coefficientsa | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficiets | t | P value | 95.0% confidence interval for B | |||
B | Std. error | Beta | Lower bound | Upper bound | ||||
1 | (Constant) | 4.846 | 2.766 | 1.752 | 0.084 | − 0.671 | 10.364 | |
Age | − 0.020 | 0.025 | − 0.127 | − 0.810 | 0.420 | − 0.070 | 0.030 | |
Epicardial fat thickness | − 0.136 | 0.077 | − 0.232 | − 1.758 | 0.083 | − 0.290 | 0.018 | |
DM | − 0.083 | 0.431 | − 0.026 | − 0.192 | 0.848 | − 0.943 | 0.777 | |
Indexed LV mass | 0.016 | 0.004 | 1.048 | 3.784 | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.024 | |
BMI | − 0.016 | 0.048 | − 0.041 | − 0.337 | 0.737 | − 0.112 | 0.080 | |
E/A | − 0.227 | 0.832 | − 0.050 | − 0.273 | 0.785 | − 1.887 | 1.432 | |
E/e’ | 0.065 | 0.113 | 0.087 | 0.577 | 0.566 | − 0.160 | 0.290 | |
HTN | − 0.601 | 0.370 | − 0.197 | − 1.628 | 0.108 | − 1.339 | 0.136 | |
TG | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.126 | 1.081 | 0.283 | − 0.002 | 0.007 | |
Chol | − 0.004 | 0.004 | − 0.099 | − 0.916 | 0.363 | − 0.012 | 0.004 | |
Indexed LA volume | − 0.041 | 0.011 | − 1.057 | − 3.794 | <0.001 | − 0.063 | − 0.019 | |
e ‘ | 0.123 | 0.131 | 0.195 | 0.936 | 0.353 | − 0.139 | 0.385 | |
S’ | − 0.058 | 0.146 | − 0.053 | − 0.398 | 0.692 | − 0.350 | 0.233 | |
11 | (Constant) | 3.060 | 0.361 | 8.470 | <0.001 | 2.341 | 3.779 | |
Epicardial fat | − 0.143 | 0.061 | − 0.243 | − 2.338 | 0.022 | − 0.264 | − 0.021 | |
Indexed LV mass | 0.012 | 0.003 | 0.832 | 3.765 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.019 | |
Indexed LA volume | − 0.034 | 0.008 | − 0.863 | − 3.969 | <0.001 | − 0.050 | − 0.017 |