Introduction
Most common alternative plant protein sources in vegan diet
Allergenic potential of the alternative plant protein sources in vegan diet
Cereals
Wheat (Tri a) allergens (food) | Biochemical name |
---|---|
Tri a 12 | Profilin |
Tri a 14 | Lipid transfer protein |
Tri a 17 | Beta-amylase |
Tri a 18 | Agglutinin isolectin 1 |
Tri a 19 | Omega-5-gliadin |
Tri a 20 | Gamma gliadin |
Tri a 25 | Thioredoxin |
Tri a 26 | High molecular weight (MW) glutenin |
Tri a 36 | Low MW glutenin GluB3-23 |
Tri a 37 | Alpha Purothionin |
Tri a 41 | Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1 |
Tri a 42 | Hypothetical protein from cDNA |
Tri a 43 | Hypothetical protein from cDNA |
Tri a 44 | Endosperm transfer cell specific PR60 precursor |
Tri a 45 | Elongation factor 1 (EIF1) |
Wheat (Tri tu) allergen | |
Tri tu 14 | ns Lipid transfer protein 1 |
Case report
Allergy diagnostic test
ImmunoCAP IgE [kU/L] | ||
Allergen extract | ||
Wheat flour | Negative | (CAP class 0) |
Allergen component | ||
— Tri a 19 (omega 5-gliadin) | 2.64 | (CAP class 2) |
— Tri a 14 (lipid transfer protein) | Negative | |
Total IgE | 99.1 | |
Serum tryptase | 4.5 µg/l (normal: < 11.4 µg/l) |
Legumes
Soybean
Plant food allergens (protein families) | Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Ara h x | Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) Lup an x (Lupinus albus): Lup a x (Lupinus luteus): Lup l x | Soy bean (Glycine maxima) Gly m x | Pea (Pisum sativum) Pis s x | Lentil (Lens culinaris) Len c x | Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Cic a x | Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Pha v x |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vicilin-like storage protein 7S-globulin | Ara h 1 (IUIS) | Lup an 1 β-conglutin (IUIS) Lup a 1 | Gly m 5 (IUIS) | Pis s 1 (IUIS) Pis s 2 (IUIS) (Convicilin; α-subunit of vicilin) | Len c 1 (IUIS) (γ-vicilin subunit) | not published | Pha v phaseolin |
Gly m Bd 28 | |||||||
Conglutin-like storage protein 2S-albumin | Ara h 2 (IUIS) | δ-conglutin Lup a δ-conglutin Lup an-δ-conglutin | Gly m 8 (IUIS) | not published | not published | Cic a 2S-albumin | not published |
Legumin 11-S-globulin | Ara h 3 (IUIS) | α-conglutin Lup a-α-conglutin Lup an-α-conglutin | Gly m 6 (IUIS) | not published | not published | Cic a 6 | not published |
Profilin | Ara h 5 (IUIS) | Lup a 5 (IUIS) | Gly m 3 (IUIS) | Pis s 5 | not published | not published | Pha v 5 |
Conglutin | Ara h 6 (IUIS) | not published | not published | not published | not published | not published | not published |
Conglutin | Ara h 7 (IUIS) | Lup a γ conglutin? Lup an γ conglutin? | not published | not published | not published | not published | not published |
PR-10 Bet v 1-super family | Ara h 8 (IUIS) | Lup a 4 Lup l 4 | Gly m 4 (IUIS) | Pis s 6 | not published | Cic a 4 | Pha v 6 |
non-specific Lipid Transfer Proteins | Ara h 9 (IUIS) Ara h 16 (IUIS) Ara h 17 (IUIS) | Lup an 3 (IUIS) L. luteus LTP | not published | Pis s 3 (IUIS) | Len c 3 (IUIS) | Cic a 3 | Pha v 3 (IUIS) |
Defensins | Ara h 12 (IUIS) Ara h 13 (IUIS) | not published | Gly m 2 (IUIS) | not published | not published | not published | not published |
Oleosins | Ara h 10 (IUIS) Ara h 11 (IUIS) Ara h 14 (IUIS) Ara h 15 (IUIS) | not published | 17 kDa oleosin 18 kDa oleosin 24 kDa oleosin | not published | not published | not published | not published |
Agglutinins | - | - | Gly m agglutinin | Pis s agglutinin | Len c agglutinin | - | Pha v PHA |
Diverse | Ara h 18 (IUIS) (cyclophilin) | not published | Gly m 1 (IUIS) Hydrophobic protein from soybean | Pis s albumin | Len c 2 (IUIS) Seed-specific biotinylated protein | Cic a 1 (IUIS) Late embryogenesis protein 4 | Pha v alpha AI (alpha amylase inhibitor) |
Gly m 7 (IUIS) Seed biotinylated protein | Cic a 10 HSP-70 | Pha v chitinase | |||||
- | |||||||
Gly m TI (trypsin inhibitor) | |||||||
Gly m Bd 30 k (cysteine protease) | |||||||
Gly m CPI (cystatin) | |||||||
Gly m EAP (embyonic abundant protein) |
Lupine species
Fenugreek
Pea
Lipophilic allergens in vegan diet-relevant food
Plant Protein Source | Oleosins (IUIS) | Molecular Weight [kDa] |
---|---|---|
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) | Ara h 10 Ara h 11 Ara h 14 Ara h 15 | 16 14 17.5 17 |
Hazelnut (Corylis avellana) | Cor a 12 Cor a 13 Cor a 15 | 17 14-16 17 |
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) | Ses i 4 Ses i 5 | 17 15 |
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) | Fag t 6 | 18 |