Introduction
Methods
Design
CMR imaging protocol
LA 4D flow processing
Blinding
Statistical analysis
Results
Reproducibility and temporal variability in the whole cohort
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intra-observer N = 84 | Inter-observer N = 75 | Same-day rescan N = 85 | Interval Scan N = 74 | p value (1 vs. 2) | p value (1 vs. 3) | p value (2 vs. 3) | p value (3 vs. 4) | |
LA stasis, % | ||||||||
CV (95% CI) | 0.032 (0.023–0.041) | 0.073 (0.052–0.097) | 0.101 (0.080–0.124) | 0.144 (0.116–0.175) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.076 |
0.015
|
Bias (BA limits) | 0.01 (− 0.02 to 0.02) | 0.00 (− 0.09 to 0.07) | 0.00 (− 0.09 to 0.09) | − 0.01 (− 0.16 to 0.14) | ||||
LA peak velocity, m/s | ||||||||
CV (95% CI) | 0.012 (0.009–0.015) | 0.080 (0.039–0.131) | 0.065 (0.042–0.093) | 0.068 (0.058–0.079) |
0.007
| < 0.001 | 0.645 | 0.795 |
Bias (BA limits) | 0.00 (− 0.01 to 0.01) | 0.01 (− 0.09 to 0.07) | 0.00 (− 0.05 to 0.06) | 0.00 (− 0.05 to 0.06) | ||||
LA mean velocity, m/s | ||||||||
CV (95% CI) | 0.010 (0.008–0.013) | 0.037 (0.025–0.051) | 0.051 (0.038–0.064) | 0.076 (0.063–0.088) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.134 |
0.007
|
Bias (BA limits) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.00) | 0.00 (− 0.01 to 0.01) | 0.00 (− 0.020 to 0.022) | 0.00 (− 0.03 to 0.03) | ||||
LA vorticity, rad | ||||||||
CV (95% CI) | 0.012 (0.010–0.014) | 0.081 (0.041–0.126) | 0.072 (0.052–0.094) | 0.074 (0.059–0.090) |
0.002
| < 0.001 | 0.816 | 0.875 |
Bias (BA limits) | 0.00 (− 0.73 to 0.73) | − 0.17 (− 4.67 to 4.32) | − 0.01 (− 4.12 to 4.15) | 0.41 (− 3.90 to 4.73) | ||||
LA vortex volume, ml | ||||||||
CV (95% CI) | 0.076 (0.053–0.099) | 0.112 (0.083–0.143) | 0.086 (0.059–0.115) | 0.108 (0.080–0.137) |
0.045
| 0.564 | 0.172 | 0.254 |
Bias (BA limits) | − 1.12 (− 5.44 to 3.05) | − 1.18 (− 6.45 to 4.10) | 0.42 (− 3.22 to 4.06) | − 0.51 (− 7.32 to 60.30) |
Scan (N = 84) | Same-day rescan (N = 84) | p value | Scan (N = 74) | Interval scan (N = 74) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Systolic patterns
| ||||||
LA vortex pattern | 56 (67) | 54 (64) | 0.500 | 50 (68) | 51 (69) | > 0.999 |
LA short-range vortex | 18 (21) | 19 (24) | > 0.999 | 16 (22) | 15 (20) | > 0.999 |
Others | 10 (12) | 11 (13) | > 0.999 | 8 (11) | 8 (11) | > 0.999 |
Diastolic patterns
| ||||||
LA vortex pattern | 46 (55) | 46 (55) | > 0.999 | 37 (50) | 41 (55) | 0.454 |
LA short-range vortex | 11 (13) | 10 (12) | > 0.999 | 11 (15) | 9 (12) | 0.625 |
Others | 27 (31) | 28 (33) | > 0.999 | 26 (35) | 24 (32) | 0.815 |