Background
Methods
Data source and study design
Study area
Variables of the study
Dependent variable
Predictor variables
Data analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Descriptive statistics
Counts | Percent | ||
---|---|---|---|
Child status | Died | 71 | 5.6 |
Alive | 1206 | 94.4 | |
Total | 1277 | 100 |
Result of bivariate analysis
Characteristics/Variables | Total counts | U5M (Counts) | U5M (Percent) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Place of residence | ||||
Rural | 1182 | 69 | 5.8 | 0.127 |
Urban | 95 | 2 | 2.1 | |
Mother’s age at first birth | ||||
Less than 20 | 723 | 38 | 5.3 | 0.158 |
20–29 | 451 | 23 | 5.1 | |
30 or older | 103 | 10 | 9.7 | |
Mother’s current age | ||||
15–19 | 29 | 2 | 6.9 | 0.545 |
20–24 | 203 | 8 | 3.9 | |
25–29 | 418 | 20 | 4.8 | |
30–34 | 301 | 18 | 6.0 | |
35 or older | 326 | 23 | 7.1 | |
Sex of child | ||||
Male | 657 | 45 | 6.8 | 0.021 |
Female | 620 | 26 | 4.2 | |
Birth order | ||||
First | 230 | 12 | 5.2 | 0.016 |
Second or Third | 389 | 18 | 4.6 | |
Fourth or Fifth | 309 | 19 | 6.1 | |
Sixth or above | 349 | 22 | 6.3 | |
Mother’s education level | ||||
No education | 759 | 47 | 6.2 | 0.420 |
Primary | 426 | 21 | 4.9 | |
Secondary | 60 | 3 | 5.0 | |
Higher | 32 | 0 | 0 | |
Contraceptive methods | ||||
No | 757 | 49 | 6.5 | 0.086 |
Yes | 520 | 22 | 4.2 | |
Household wealth index | ||||
Poorest | 234 | 13 | 5.6 | 0.042 |
Poorer | 306 | 21 | 6.9 | |
Middle | 303 | 16 | 5.3 | |
Richer | 287 | 18 | 6.3 | |
Richest | 147 | 3 | 2.0 | |
Family size | ||||
Less than 5 | 347 | 28 | 8.1 | 0.017 |
5 or more | 930 | 43 | 4.6 | |
Size of child at birth | ||||
Larger | 439 | 28 | 6.4 | 0.010 |
Average | 567 | 20 | 3.5 | |
Smaller | 271 | 23 | 8.5 | |
Sex of household | ||||
Male | 1107 | 58 | 5.2 | 0.047 |
Female | 170 | 13 | 7.6 | |
Place of delivery | ||||
Home | 906 | 58 | 6.4 | 0.005 |
Health Institutions | 371 | 13 | 3.5 | |
Birth type | ||||
Single | 1251 | 65 | 5.2 | 0.000 |
Multiple | 26 | 6 | 23.1 | |
Breastfeeding status | ||||
No | 415 | 47 | 11.3 | 0.000 |
Yes | 862 | 24 | 2.8 | |
Mother’s work status | ||||
Not working | 795 | 33 | 4.2 | 0.030 |
Working | 482 | 38 | 7.9 | |
Toilet Facility | ||||
No facility | 304 | 31 | 10.2 | 0.240 |
Have facility | 973 | 40 | 4.1 | |
Source of drinking water | ||||
Unprotected | 580 | 37 | 6.4 | 0.500 |
Protected | 697 | 34 | 4.9 |
Variables | OR | p > z | 95% CI of OR | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex of child (Ref: Male) | ||||
Female | 0.552 | 0.026a | 0.327 | 0.932 |
Birth order (Ref: First) | ||||
Second or Third | 1.316 | 0.039a | 1.097 | 2.343 |
Fourth or Fifth | 1.934 | 0.018a | 1.678 | 3.822 |
Sixth or above | 3.980 | 0.027a | 2.352 | 6.734 |
Household wealth index (Ref: Poorest) | ||||
Poorer | 1.125 | 0.757 | 0.532 | 2.379 |
Middle | 0.825 | 0.639 | 0.371 | 1.839 |
Richer | 0.967 | 0.934 | 0.440 | 2.128 |
Richest | 0.330 | 0.100 | 0.088 | 1.235 |
Family size (Ref: < 5) | ||||
5 or more | 3.397 | 0.001a | 1.702 | 6.782 |
Place of delivery (Ref: Home) | ||||
Health Institutions | 0.449 | 0.011a | 0.228 | 0.681 |
Birth type (Ref: Single) | ||||
Multiple | 1.472 | 0.002a | 1.289 | 2.746 |
Size of child at birth (Ref: Larger) | ||||
Average | 1.324 | 0.094 | 0.700 | 2.504 |
Smaller | 1.714 | 0.024a | 1.120 | 2.623 |
Sex of household head (Ref: Male) | ||||
Female | 0.555 | 0.160 | 0.390 | 1.879 |
Breastfeeding status (Ref: No) | ||||
Yes | 0.657 | < 0.0001 a | 0.393 | 0.864 |
Mother’s work status (Ref: Not working) | ||||
Working | 1.448 | 0.158 | 0.866 | 2.0419 |
Goodness-of-fit
Hosmer-Lemeshow test | p-value |
---|---|
8.204 | 0.414 |
Discussion
Characteristics/Variables | Counts | Percent |
---|---|---|
Place of residence | ||
Rural | 1182 | 92.6 |
Urban | 95 | 7.4 |
Mother’s age at first birth | ||
Less than 20 | 723 | 56.6 |
20–29 | 451 | 35.3 |
30 or older | 103 | 8.1 |
Mother’s current age | ||
15–19 | 29 | 2.3 |
20–24 | 203 | 15.9 |
25–29 | 418 | 32.7 |
30–34 | 301 | 23.6 |
35 or older | 326 | 25.5 |
Sex of child | ||
Male | 657 | 51.4 |
Female | 620 | 48.6 |
Birth order | ||
First | 230 | 18.0 |
Second or Third | 389 | 30.5 |
Fourth or Fifth | 309 | 24.2 |
Sixth or above | 349 | 27.3 |
Mother’s education level | ||
No education | 759 | 59.4 |
Primary | 426 | 33.4 |
Secondary | 60 | 4.7 |
Higher | 32 | 2.5 |
Contraceptive methods | ||
No | 757 | 59.3 |
Yes | 520 | 40.7 |
Household wealth index | ||
Poorest | 234 | 18.3 |
Poorer | 306 | 24.0 |
Middle | 303 | 23.7 |
Richer | 287 | 22.5 |
Richest | 147 | 11.5 |
Family size | ||
Less than 5 | 347 | 27.2 |
5 or more | 930 | 72.8 |
Size of child at birth | ||
Larger | 439 | 34.4 |
Average | 567 | 44.4 |
Smaller | 271 | 21.2 |
Sex of household | ||
Male | 1107 | 86.7 |
Female | 170 | 13.3 |
Place of delivery | ||
Home | 906 | 70.9 |
Health Institutions | 371 | 29.1 |
Birth type | ||
Single | 1251 | 98.0 |
Multiple | 26 | 2.0 |
Breastfeeding status | ||
No | 415 | 32.5 |
Yes | 862 | 67.5 |
Mother’s work status | ||
Not working | 795 | 62.3 |
Working | 482 | 37.7 |
Toilet Facility | ||
No facility | 304 | 23.8 |
Have facility | 973 | 76.2 |
Source of drinking water | ||
Unprotected | 580 | 45.4 |
Protected | 697 | 54.6 |